Research Priorities

Stanford initiative helps scale what works in education

Over the past couple of years, scaling well-researched solutions has been shown to also counter the negative effects of the pandemic, Loeb said, from widening achievement gaps and missed school time, to poorer social and emotional development. Her team recently launched the National Student Support Accelerator (NSSA) to address educational inequities resulting from the pandemic. NSSA conducts research on the most promising tutoring practices and works with district leaders and others to provide research-backed guidance on implementing high-impact tutoring. 

“Our students deserve this work,” Loeb said. “From our research, we learn so much about how to engage students and accelerate their learning. The practical, easy-to-use learnings from research need to reach decision makers so that our students can benefit.”

Tips by Text and NSSA are part of SCALE, Loeb’s new initiative at the Stanford Accelerator for Learning, a university-wide effort addressing some of the most challenging issues in education through research, partnerships, and technological innovation. 

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2023-2024 Wittenberg University High-Impact Tutoring Program Implementation Report

In recent years, school districts across the U.S. have invested in high-impact tutoring as a promising approach to accelerate K12 student learning. Such efforts to scale tutoring have focused on design elements proven to be the most effective on student outcomes, namely consistent instruction from a trained tutor, integration with classroom instruction, tutoring informed by data, using quality curricula, and occurring at least three times per week (Nickow et al., 2024). Studies indicate that effective tutoring programs share these core characteristics, even while they vary in the types of tutors they employ, scheduling strategy, and in-person or virtual delivery model (Cortes et al., 2024; Robinson et al., 2024).

Stanford U’s Tutor CoPilot Transforms Real-Time Tutoring with AI-Driven Expert Guidance

Generative AI, including Language Models (LMs), holds the promise to reshape key sectors like education, healthcare, and law, which rely heavily on skilled professionals to navigate complex responsibilities. In education, for instance, effective teacher training with expert feedback is crucial yet costly, limiting opportunities to enhance educational quality on a larger scale.

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PIER Public Seminar Series: High-Impact Tutoring Across Our Decentralized U.S. Education System

Presenter: Susanna Loeb, Professor of Education, Founder & Executive Director, National Student Support Accelerator, Stanford University

Pandemic-induced reductions in learning and school engagement, combined with substantial federal funding, led U.S. schools and school districts to develop a range of new programs for students, many of which were tutoring programs. Policy makers, in response, aimed to create conditions that would enable educators to design and implement these programs successfully. In this dynamic environment, a broad range of stakeholders needed to make decisions impacting students’ educational experiences. They looked for guidance from other states, districts and schools with prior tutoring experiences. While the research evidence on tutoring summarizing and analyzing these experiences was unusually strong, it almost exclusively focused on in-person tutoring with pre-pandemic technologies and instructional contexts. It also only lightly touched on the key issues of design and implementation. This fast-turnaround research project has aimed over the past four years to provide the range of decision makers with insights into effectiveness and implementation of tutoring programs to help them make real-time decisions, accelerate learning, and address the substantial inequities in access to quality educational experiences between demographic groups. In partnership with districts across the country, the project has produced insights about tutoring, while also highlighting both the advantages and disadvantages of conducting research during transition times to inform decisions across contexts. The project provides a model for considering the connections among decision makers and policy influencers looking to invest in and promote promising solutions, education leaders who are willing to try new things, refine, and learn, and researchers working quickly and in partnership to evaluate and provide insights.

This Is a Critical Moment for High-Impact Tutoring. Don’t Give up on It

High-impact tutoring has the strongest evidence base of any approach for improving student learning, and contributes to increased engagement and attendance. As far as proven education solutions go, it’s a pretty darn good one, and has rightfully been a bipartisan priority since the pandemic. 

But federal pandemic relief money that helped fuel the expansion of such programs dried up in September, and recent research has sparked debates about the high-impact tutoring’s effectiveness when implemented at scale. This includes an evaluation of Metro Nashville Public Schools’ tutoring program that reported small gains for students and a meta-analysis of large high-impact tutoring programs that showed challenges in maintaining evidence-based practices

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What Happens When an AI Assistant Helps the Tutor, Instead of the Student

An AI-powered tutoring assistant increased human tutors’ capacity to help students through math problems and improved students’ performance in math, according to a Stanford University study.

The digital tool, Tutor CoPilot, was created by Stanford researchers to guide tutors, especially novices, in their interactions with students.

The study is the first randomized controlled trial to examine a human-AI partnership in live tutoring, according to the researchers. The study examines whether the tool is effective for improving tutors’ skills and students’ math learning.

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Tutor CoPilot: A Human-AI Approach for Scaling Real-Time Expertise

Generative AI, particularly Language Models (LMs), has the potential to transform real-world domains with societal impact, particularly where access to experts is limited. For example, in education, training novice educators with expert guidance is important for effectiveness but expensive, creating significant barriers to improving education quality at scale. This challenge disproportionately hurts students from under-served communities, who stand to gain the most from high-quality education and are most likely to be taught by inexperienced educators. We introduce Tutor CoPilot, a novel Human-AI approach that leverages a model of expert thinking to provide expert-like guidance to tutors as they tutor. This study presents the first randomized controlled trial of a Human-AI system in live tutoring, involving 900 tutors and 1,800 K-12 students from historically under-served communities.

Lessons from the Early Literacy Tutoring Landscape

Research reveals the most effective ways to help young struggling readers through tutoring.

Tutoring has gained popularity as a strategy to improve the academic achievement of struggling students. Intensive, relationship-based tutoring is a highly effective academic support for many students, particularly in the early elementary years when school schedules and classroom routines are flexible (Groom-Thomas et al., 2023). For schools considering how to begin tutoring or where to prioritize resources, early literacy tutoring — which is both effective and feasible — is a good place to start.

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D.C. Tutoring Program Drives Academic Gains for Black and Low-Income Students

New research from Stanford University has brought a ray of hope for Washington, D.C.’s students, especially Black children and those from low-income families. The research revealed that the city’s substantial investment in a tutoring initiative has borne fruit in its first year, significantly boosting academic performance and narrowing the persistent gaps in reading and math that have disproportionately affected these groups.

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