Efficacy of the Leveled Literacyeracy Intervention System for K–2 urban students: An empirical evaluation of LLI in Denver Public Schools. Memphis, TN

The study took place in 13 urban elementary and K-8 schools in Denver, Colorado. Study sample The study population consisted primarily of minority and economically-disadvantaged students. Roughly three out of four (69%) study participants were Hispanic, and one-third (34%) were classified as English learners. Finally, between 72%–97% of students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch in 11 of the 13 schools, and almost half (48%) of the students were eligible for free or reduced-price lunch in one other school; no data were reported for the remaining school.