Targeted school-based interventions for improving reading and mathematics for students with, or at risk of, academic difficulties in Grades 7–12: A systematic review

School‐based interventions targeting students with, or at risk of, academic difficulties in Grades 7–12 have on average positive effects on standardised tests in reading and maths. The most effective interventions have the potential to considerably decrease the gap between at‐risk and not‐at‐risk students. Effects vary substantially between interventions, however, and the evidence for using certain instructional methods or targeting certain domains is weaker.